Optimizing operation of constrained user equipment

ABSTRACT

A base station and associated method transmits a page to a user equipment (UE) for a call establishment procedure, determines whether an acknowledgement is received in response to the page and when no acknowledgement has been received, determines a number of pages that have been transmitted to the UE for the call establishment procedure, transmits a further page to the UE for the call establishment procedure when the number of pages is less than a page threshold and performs a page failure procedure when the number of pages exceeds the page threshold. In another method the base station transmits a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message to the UE, maintains a context for the UE when an acknowledgement for the RRC connection release message is not received, transmits a first page and transmits a second page when a further acknowledgement for the first page is not received.

PRIORITY CLAIM/INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application62/107,794 entitled “Optimizing Operation of Constrained UserEquipment,” filed on Jan. 26, 2015, the entirety of which isincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

As designs for wireless mobile devices (e.g., user equipment (UE))evolve, there is a trend toward smaller devices and more streamlinedhousings. Some examples of these smaller devices or more streamlineddesigns include wearable devices such as watches that are worn on thewrist or glasses that are worn in the manner of traditional eyewear.Another example is pendants that may be attached to a strap and hungaround a user's neck or wrist. A final example is a clip-on that may beclipped onto an article of clothing such as pockets or clipped onto anaccessory such as a bag or purse.

These smaller and streamlined designs generally result in less availablespace for components of the wireless mobile devices. For example, thebatteries of such devices need to be smaller and therefore have acorrespondingly smaller capacity. In another example, the designsgenerally require that all antennas be internal antennas so as not tochange the form of the mobile device. This may result in shorterantennas because of the lack of availability of space within the housingof the mobile device. These constraints on the design of the wirelessdevices may result in a loss of performance for certain wirelessfunctionalities.

However, users expect these devices to operate and have similarperformance characteristics as the standard wireless mobile devices towhich the users are accustomed. Thus, if these smaller mobile deviceshave a loss of performance, the user experience will be degraded andusers are less likely to adopt these new types of devices.

SUMMARY

According to an exemplary embodiment, a method is described that isperformed by a network component of a network configured to establish aconnection with a user equipment. The method includes transmitting apage to the user equipment for a call establishment procedure,determining whether an acknowledgement is received from the userequipment in response to the page. When no acknowledgement has beenreceived in response to the page, determining a number of pages thathave been transmitted to the user equipment for the call establishmentprocedure, transmitting a further page to the user equipment for thecall establishment procedure when the number of pages is less than apage threshold and performing a page failure procedure when the numberof pages exceeds the page threshold.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, a base station isdescribed. The base station has a transceiver, a non-transitory memoryhaving a program stored thereon and a processor executing the program,wherein the execution of the program causes the processor to performoperations. The operations include transmitting a page to the userequipment for a call establishment procedure, determining whether anacknowledgement is received from the user equipment in response to thepage. When no acknowledgement has been received in response to the page,determining a number of pages that have been transmitted to the userequipment for the call establishment procedure, transmitting a furtherpage to the user equipment for the call establishment procedure when thenumber of pages is less than a page threshold and performing a pagefailure procedure when the number of pages exceeds the page threshold.

According to an exemplary embodiment, a method is described that isperformed by a network component of a network configured to establish aconnection with a user equipment. The method includes transmitting aradio resource control (RRC) connection release message to the userequipment, maintaining a context for the user equipment when anacknowledgement for the RRC connection release message is not received,transmitting a first page and transmitting a second page when a furtheracknowledgement for the first page is not received.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, a base station isdescribed. The base station has a transceiver, a non-transitory memoryhaving a program stored thereon and a processor executing the program,wherein the execution of the program causes the processor to performoperations. The operations include transmitting a radio resource control(RRC) connection release message to a user equipment, maintaining acontext for the user equipment when an acknowledgement for the RRCconnection release message is not received, transmitting a first pageand transmitting a second page when a further acknowledgement for thefirst page is not received.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary network arrangement according to variousembodiments described herein.

FIG. 2A shows an exemplary user equipment method for data transmissionsduring a voice call according to various embodiments described herein.

FIG. 2B shows an exemplary network method for data transmissions duringa voice call according to various embodiments described herein.

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary network method for establishing a call for auser equipment according to various embodiments described herein.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary network method for transmitting a page to auser equipment according to various embodiments described herein.

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary user equipment method for performing ahandover according to various embodiments described herein.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary user equipment for improved system informationreading procedure during cell selection and reselection according tovarious embodiments described herein.

FIG. 7 shows an evolved Node B of the LTE network of FIG. 1 according tovarious embodiments described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The exemplary embodiments may be further understood with reference tothe following description and the related appended drawings, whereinlike elements are provided with the same reference numerals. Theexemplary embodiments are related to an apparatus, systems and methodsfor optimizing an operation of a user equipment (UE) that has knownconstraints. The constraints may be associated with a higher likelihoodfor select failures to occur. For example, the UE may be limited inpower supply and/or antenna configuration. The exemplary embodimentsprovide various mechanisms to address several drawbacks associated withthese constraints. In a first mechanism, the exemplary embodiments maycontrol a manner in which data transmissions are performed during avoice communication on both a UE side and a network side. In a secondmechanism, the exemplary embodiments may utilize a forgiving callestablishment procedure on a network side. In a third mechanism, theexemplary embodiments may utilize an adaptive paging procedure on anetwork side. In a fourth mechanism, the exemplary embodiments mayutilize a proactive handover procedure on a UE side.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary network arrangement 100. The exemplary networkarrangement 100 includes UEs 110-114. Those skilled in the art willunderstand that the UEs 110-114 may be any type of electronic componentthat is configured to communicate via a network, e.g., mobile phones,tablet computers, desktop computers, smartphones, phablets, embeddeddevices, wearables, etc. It should also be understood that an actualnetwork arrangement may include any number of UEs being used by anynumber of users and being associated with any number of these userswhere the user may be associated with one or more of the UEs. That is,the example of three (3) UEs 110-114 is only provided for illustrativepurposes.

The exemplary embodiments may further relate to when the UEs 110-114 arewearables (e.g., watches, pendants, glasses, clip-ons, etc.). As awearable, the UEs 110-114 may include components that enable the UE tobe worn in a hands-free manner. Due to the hands-free nature, the UEs110-114 may have a relatively small volume or occupy a small spacecompared to other mobile devices. Those skilled in the art willunderstand that the volume of the UEs 110-114 may pose structuralchallenges to incorporate select features. In a first example, the UEs110-114 may be configured to incorporate a limited power supply thatholds less power than other available limited power supplies due tothese other larger power supplies being incapable of being incorporatedinto the housing of the UEs 110-114. In a second example, the UEs110-114 may incorporate an antenna or multiple antennas that operate onlimited frequencies. As such, other features such as certain frequencyrelated cycles may be forced to be lengthened. Due to these knowndrawbacks of providing a housing of the UEs 110-114 in a small volume,the exemplary embodiments are configured to address select ones of thesedrawbacks.

It should be noted that the use of wearables is only exemplary. Thoseskilled in the art will understand that the exemplary embodiments may beapplied to any UE that experiences any of the constraints to which themechanisms described herein are configured to address. For example, theUE may be a mobile phone designed with a minimal volume such that theantenna constraint may still be present despite not being a wearable.Thus, the wearable used herein for the UEs 110-114 may represent anyelectronic device that may experience power and/or antenna constraintsor any other constraint that may degrade connection performance.

Each of the UEs 110-114 may be configured to communicate directly withone or more networks. In this example, the networks with which the UEs110-114 may communicate are a legacy radio access network (RAN) 120, aLTE RAN (LTE-RAN) 122, and a wireless local area network (WLAN) 124. Inthis example, each of the networks 120-124 is a wireless network withwhich the UEs 110-114 may communicate wirelessly. However, it should beunderstood that the UEs 110-114 may also communicate with other types ofnetworks and may also communicate using a wired connection. With regardsto the exemplary embodiments, the UEs 110-114 may establish a connectionwith the LTE-RAN 122 to, among other functionalities, perform Voice overLTE (VoLTE) calls with other UEs. For example, the UEs 110-114 may havea LTE chipset and communicate with the LTE-RAN 122. In another example,the UEs 110-114 may have a GSM chipset and communicate with the legacyRAN 120 that is a GSM network. Again, the use of three (3) networks isonly exemplary and there may be any other number of networks with whichthe UEs 110-114 may communicate.

The legacy RAN 120 and the LTE-RAN 122 are portions of cellular networksthat may be deployed by cellular providers (e.g., Verizon, AT&T, Sprint,T-Mobile, etc.). These networks 120 and 122 may include, for example,base client stations (Node Bs, eNodeBs, HeNBs, etc.) that are configuredto send and receive traffic from UEs that are equipped with theappropriate cellular chip set. Examples of the legacy RAN 120particularly using the GSM configuration may include those networks thatare generally labeled as 2G and/or 3G networks and may include circuitswitched voice calls and packet switched data operations. Those skilledin the art will understand that the cellular providers may also deployother types of networks, including further evolutions of the cellularstandards, within their cellular networks. The WLAN 124 may include anytype of wireless local area network (WiFi, Hot Spot, IEEE 802.11xnetworks, etc.). Those skilled in the art will understand that there maybe thousands, hundreds of thousands or more of different WLANs deployedin the United States alone. For example, the WLAN 124 may be the user'shome network, the user's work network, a public network (e.g., at a citypark, coffee shop, etc.). Generally, the WLAN 124 will include one ormore access points that allow the UEs 110-114 to communicate with theWLAN 124. However, as noted above, the exemplary embodiments relate tothe UEs 110-114 utilizing the LTE-RAN 122 to perform VoLTE calls.

In addition to the networks 120-124, the network arrangement 100 alsoincludes a cellular core network 130 and the Internet 140. The cellularcore network 130, the legacy RAN 120, and the LTE-RAN 122 may beconsidered a cellular network that is associated with a particularcellular provider (e.g., Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, etc.). Thecellular core network 130 may be considered to be the interconnected setof components that manages the operation and traffic of the cellularnetwork. The interconnected components of the cellular core network 130may include any number of components such as servers, switches, routers,etc. The cellular core network 130 also manages the traffic that flowsbetween the cellular network and the Internet 140.

The network arrangement 100 also includes an IP Multimedia Subsystem(IMS) 150. The IMS 150 may be generally described as an architecture fordelivering multimedia services to the UEs 110-114 using the IP protocol.The IMS 150 may include a variety of components to accomplish this task.For example, a typical IMS 150 includes a Home Subscriber Server (HSS)that stores subscription information for a user of the UEs 110-114. Thissubscription information is used to provide the correct multimediaservices to the user such as a VoLTE call. The IMS 150 may communicatewith the cellular core network 130 and the Internet 140 to provide themultimedia services to the UEs 110-114. The IMS 150 is shown in closeproximity to the cellular core network 130 because the cellular providertypically implements the functionality of the IMS 150. However, it isnot necessary for this to be the case such as when the IMS 150 isprovided by another party.

Thus, the network arrangement 100 allows the UEs 110-114 to performfunctionalities generally associated with computers and cellularnetworks. For example, the UEs 110-114 may perform the VoLTE calls toother parties, may browse the Internet 140 for information, may streammultimedia data to the UEs 110-114, etc.

The network arrangement 100 may also include a network services backbone160 that is in communication either directly or indirectly with theInternet 140 and the cellular core network 130. The network servicesbackbone 160 may be generally described as a set of components (e.g.,servers, network storage arrangements, etc.) that implement a suite ofservices that may be used to extend the functionalities of the UEs110-114 in communication with the various networks. The network servicesbackbone 160 may interact with the UEs 110-114 and/or the networks 120,122, 124, 130, 140 to provide these extended functionalities.

The network services backbone 160 may be provided by any entity or a setof entities. In one example, the network services backbone 160 isprovided by the supplier of one or more of the UEs 110-114. In anotherexample, the network services backbone 160 is provided by the cellularnetwork provider. In still a further example, the network servicesbackbone 160 is provided by a third party unrelated to the cellularnetwork provider or the supplier of the UEs 110-114.

The exemplary embodiments relate to the UEs 110-114 establishing aconnection to a first network such as the LTE-RAN 122. Specifically, theUEs 110-114 may associate with an access point of the LTE-RAN 122 suchas an evolved Node B (eNB). The LTE-RAN 122 may include a plurality ofeNBs 122A, 122B, 122C, each having a respective operating area such thatwhen the UE is disposed within a respective operating area, the UE mayassociate with the respective eNB. It should be noted that the use ofthe LTE-RAN 122 and the eNBs 122A-C is only exemplary. As will be becomemore evident below, those skilled in the art will understand that theexemplary embodiments may be used with any type of network and itscorresponding access points.

For exemplary purposes, the eNBs 122A, 122B, 122C may be considered tobe neighboring in which the operating area of a first one of the eNBs122A-C may overlap with the operating area of a second one of the eNBs122A-C. It should be noted that the use of three eNBs 122A-C is onlyexemplary. Those skilled in the art will understand that the LTE-RAN 122may include any number of eNBs. It should also be noted that the use ofneighboring eNBs 122A-C is only exemplary. Those skilled in the art willunderstand that the eNBs 122A-C may be located in various locationsthroughout the LTE-RAN 122.

Initially, the UEs 110-114 may establish a connection to the LTE-RAN122. Those skilled in the art will understand that any associationprocedure may be performed for the UEs 110-114 to connect to the LTE-RAN122. For example, as discussed above, the LTE-RAN 122 may be associatedwith a particular cellular provider where the UE 110-114 and/or the userthereof has a contract and credential information (e.g., stored on a SIMcard). Upon detecting the presence of the LTE-RAN 122, the UEs 110-114may transmit the corresponding credential information and perform ahandshake procedure to associate with the LTE-RAN 122. Morespecifically, the UEs 110-114 may associate with a specific access point(e.g., the eNBs 122A-C of the LTE-RAN 122). As will be described infurther detail below, the eNBs 122A-C may exchange signals with the UEs110-114 when various functionalities are to be performed such asestablishing a call involving transmission of pages.

The UEs 110-114 may execute a plurality of applications that performpredetermined functionalities to address drawbacks such as thosediscussed above in view of being a wearable and/or having a reducedvolume to accommodate its different components. The UEs 110-114 mayrepresent any electronic device that is configured to perform wirelessfunctionalities such as a portable device (e.g., a smartphone, a tablet,a phablet, a laptop, a wearable, etc.) or a client stationary device(e.g., a desktop terminal). The UEs 110-114 may include variouscomponents such as a processor, a memory arrangement, a transceiver,etc.

In a first mechanism, the UEs 110-114 according to the exemplaryembodiments may address drawbacks based on hardware or softwareconstraints of the UEs 110-114. Examples of constraints of the UEs110-114 may include an antenna constraint (e.g., a length of the antennamay be shortened and cause a constraint associated with a capacity totransmit information such as voice and/or data, a power supplyconstraint (e.g., a smaller physical power supply may result in lessavailable power compared to mobile units having a larger physical powersupply), etc. However, those skilled in the art will understand thatthere may be various types of constraints that the UEs 110-114 aresubject to and the exemplary embodiments may be used to address any ofthese constraints.

Where time sensitive information such as voice transmissions areinvolved, an interruption in this voice service may cause a poor userexperience. Such an interruption may be caused by the device attemptingto perform simultaneous voice and data transmissions. The abovedescribed constraints may impact performance when both voice and datatransmissions are performed. The exemplary embodiments provide a mannerof controlling the UE transmissions to account for the constraints inthe design of the UEs 110-114.

FIG. 2A shows an exemplary UE method 200 for data transmissions during avoice call. The UE method 200 relates to a UE-side operation.Specifically, the method 200 may relate to a manner in which the datatransmissions are performed by its own operation and in conjunction withthe eNB to which it is associated. As will be described in furtherdetail below, the method 200 may include a buffering feature such thatvoice transmissions are not interrupted and data transmissions arebuffered until the data can be transmitted without interfering with thevoice transmissions.

In 202, the UE establishes a connection with the LTE-RAN 122. Forexample, the UE 110 may connect to the LTE-RAN by associating with theeNB 122A using any known association and handshake procedure. In 204,the UE 110 may perform a Voice over LTE (VoLTE) call. Those skilled inthe art will understand the mechanism used to perform such afunctionality using Internet Protocol (IP) features for voicetransmissions to be made. Furthermore, the VoLTE call is performed inreal time between a user of the UE 110 and a user of a further UE or anyother device capable of receiving a voice call. The voice transmissionsare time sensitive because the callers expect the voice call to be anatural conversation without any time delays. The method 200 furtherrelates to when the VoLTE call is being performed and when datatransmissions are also to be performed.

In 206, a determination is made whether the VoLTE call is still beingperformed. At this stage, the VoLTE call has just been initiated. Thus,the UE 110 may continue the method 200 to 208 since the VoLTE call isstill being performed. With the VoLTE call being performed, the UE 110continues to perform all voice transmissions associated with the VoLTEcall. In 208, the UE 110 determines whether there is any uplink datathat is not associated with the VoLTE call. That is, the UE 110determines whether any data transmissions are to be transmitted from theUE 110 to the eNB 122A. The UE 110 may determine this on its own usingany of its application layers that schedule the data transmission. Ifthere is uplink data, the UE 110 continues the method 200 to 210.

In 210, the UE 110 buffers the uplink data in a memory arrangement orother storage component. The UE 110 may perform an initial configurationupon the VoLTE call being initiated. Specifically, the UE 110 may blockany non-VoLTE information on both the UE-side and the eNB-side. Due tothis blockage, the UE 110 may buffer the uplink data at the applicationlayer and flush uplink data at any lower layer, such as a Media AccessControl (MAC) layer. In a particular scenario, when uplink data is beingtransmitted at the time the VoLTE call is initiated, this uplink datamay also be buffered immediately such that the VoLTE call is notinterrupted.

In a further feature, the exemplary embodiments may enable smaller datatransmissions to be transmitted during the VoLTE call where the size ofthe smaller data transmissions is selected to ensure that the VoLTE callis not interrupted. Examples of smaller data transmissions include SMSmessages, email summaries, etc. The size may be a predetermined value ormay be dynamic based upon the capabilities of the UE at the time theVoLTE call is being performed. To further ensure a likelihood that theVoLTE call is not interrupted, the smaller data transmissions may betransmitted during silence periods. Those skilled in the art willunderstand that the VoLTE call utilizes silence periods where silencepacket generation occurs at predetermined intervals such as every 160ms. Therefore, the smaller data transmissions may be transmitted fromthe UE 110 to the eNB 122A during these silence periods as the VoLTEcall has a small probability of being interrupted. Accordingly, in 212,the UE 110 determines whether any data transmission that has beenbuffered qualifies as a smaller data transmission such as a shortmessage service (SMS) transmission, email summary, etc. based upon athreshold size. If none of the data transmissions in the buffer issmaller than the threshold size, the UE 110 returns the method to 204where the VoLTE call is continued. However, if at least one of the datatransmissions is less than the threshold size, the UE 110 continues themethod 200 to 214. In 214, the UE 110 transmits the smaller datatransmissions during the silence periods. During times when there aremore than one smaller data transmission, the UE 110 may schedule thesebased upon any configuration such as with a first in, first out policy,a priority policy, an importance policy, etc. In this respect, themethod 200 may include additional processes to address multiple smallerdata transmissions that are to be performed during the VoLTE call. TheUE 110 may also transmit control data during the silence periods. Forexample, the control data may include network measurements as determinedby the UE 110, MAC data including channel estimation, etc. It should benoted that the method 200 may include different processes such as when adetermination is made that no uplink data is present but still proceedwith 210-214 such that the control data may still be transmitted duringthe silence periods.

Returning to 208, if there is no uplink data, the UE 110 may alsodetermine whether there is any downlink data. Thus, in 216, the UE 110makes this determination of whether there is any downlink data. That is,the UE 110 determines whether any data transmissions are to be receivedfrom the eNB 122A. The UE 110 may determine this based upon signalexchanges with the eNB 122A such as via the Physical Downlink ControlChannel (PDCCH). If there is no downlink data, the UE 110 may return themethod 200 to 204 where the VoLTE call is continued. However, if the UE110 determines that there is downlink data for the UE 110, the method200 continues to 218. The downlink data may also be received during asilence period. Thus, in 218, the UE 110 determines whether there is asilence period and may also determine whether the silence period isbeing utilized for the smaller data transmissions in the uplink asperformed in 214. If the silence period is available for receivingsmaller data transmissions in the downlink, in 220, the smaller datatransmission is received.

It should be noted that the receiving of the smaller data transmissionsin the downlink has an assumption that the eNB 122A is also configuredfor this feature. Accordingly, the eNB 122A should be aware that the UE110 is utilizing this feature on its end. As will be described infurther detail below, the eNB 122A may be configured to make thisdetermination and update its operation when the UE 110 performs theVoLTE call.

Returning to 206, when the VoLTE call is ended, the UE 110 may continuethe method 200 to 222. During various iterations of the previousprocesses of the method 200, data transmissions that are larger than thethreshold size may have been buffered. Thus, in 222, the UE 110determines whether there are any uplink data transmissions in thebuffer. If there are no uplink data transmissions in the buffer, themethod 200 may end. For example, the uplink data transmissions may haveall been smaller than the threshold size and all transmitted during theVoLTE call in the silence periods. In another example, there may havebeen no uplink data transmissions to be buffered in the first place.However, if there is at least one uplink data transmission in thebuffer, the UE 110 may continue the method 200 to 224 where the uplinkdata transmissions are transmitted from the UE 110 to the eNB 122A. Itshould be noted that the smaller data transmissions may not have allbeen transmitted during the VoLTE call. Therefore, the buffer may alsoinclude the unsent smaller data transmissions, which may be transmittedin 224.

FIG. 2B shows an exemplary network method 250 for data transmissionsduring a voice call. The network method 250 relates to a network-sideoperation at the eNB to which the UE is associated. The method 250 mayrelate to a manner in which the data transmissions are performed by theeNB in conjunction with the UE. The method 250 may also include abuffering feature.

In 252, the LTE-RAN 122 establishes a connection with the UE. Forexample, the eNB 122A may connect to the UE 110 through an associationand handshake procedure. The association procedure and/or setupprocedure (e.g., for an application) may include different types ofchannel or connection parameters. For example, in a Random AccessChannel (RACH), the eNB 122A may receive information identifying the UE110, which may include a type of mobile unit (e.g., a wearable). Thus,in 254, the eNB 122A may determine the type of mobile unit that the UE110 is. Specifically, the eNB 122A may determine that the UE 110 is aconstrained mobile unit. In 256, the eNB 122A determines whether the UE110 is constrained such as with the antenna and/or power. If the UE 110is not constrained, the eNB 122A may treat the UE 110 in anyconventional manner.

If the eNB 122A determines that the UE 110 is a constrained device, theeNB 122A continues the method 250 to 258. Initially, the determinationthat the UE 110 is a constrained device may entail further configurationfeatures. Specifically, the eNB 122A may be aware that the UE 110 mayutilize the above-described buffering feature, particularly when timesensitive information is also being transmitted such as during a VoLTEcall. Accordingly, when the UE 110 utilizes the LTE-RAN 122 for theseapplications, the eNB 122A may be configured to operate with thebuffering functionality.

In 258, the eNB 122A determines whether the UE 110 is performing a VoLTEcall. The eNB 122A may make this determination in a variety of manners.For example, the UE 110 may request a reliable connection (RC) toperform the VoLTE call. Those skilled in the art will understand thatwhen the connection between the UE 110 and the eNB 122A is established,a default bearer may be assigned by the eNB 122A for the UE 110.However, a more reliable way of exchanging information is via adedicated bearer. The dedicated bearer may be provided during a VoLTEcall as a pre-configuration of the LTE-RAN 122 (e.g., via an IPMultimedia Subsystem (IMS 150)). The dedicated bearer may be part of therequest of the RC. The use of the RC may also be indicative of thebuffer feature that is about to be used by the UE 110.

When the eNB 122A determines that the UE 110 is performing the VoLTEcall, in 260, the eNB 122A determines whether there are any downlinkdata transmissions bound from the eNB 122A for the UE 110. If there areno downlink data transmissions, the eNB 122A returns the method 250 to258 to determine whether the VoLTE call is still being performed.However, if the eNB 122A determines that there is at least one downlinkdata transmission for the UE 110, the eNB 122A continues the method 250to 262. In 262, the eNB 122A buffers the downlink data transmission in adatabase or other storage component. In a substantially similar manneras described above with reference to the UE operation during method 200,the eNB 122A may also incorporate a size parameter to determine whethersmaller downlink data transmissions are allowed during the VoLTE call.Thus, in 264, the eNB 122A determines whether any of the downlink datatransmissions are less than the threshold size discussed above. If nodownlink data transmission is in the buffer, the eNB 122A returns themethod 250 to 258. However, if there is at least one smaller downlinkdata transmission, the eNB 122A continues the method 250 to 266 wherethese are transmitted during silence periods. As the silence periods areperiodic and the signal exchanges with the UE 110 may indicateavailability, the eNB 122A may transmit the smaller downlink datatransmissions accordingly.

Returning to 260, if there is no downlink data, the eNB 122A may alsodetermine whether there is any uplink data. Thus, in 272, the enB 122Amakes this determination of whether there is any uplink data that is tobe received from the UE 110. The eNB 122A may determine this based uponsignal exchanges with the UE 110. If there is no uplink data, the eNB122A may return the method 250 to 258 where the VoLTE call is continued.However, if the eNB 122A determines that there is uplink data for theeNB 122A, the method 250 continues to 274. The uplink data may bereceived during a silence period. Thus, in 274, the eNB 122A determineswhether there is a silence period and may also determine whether thesilence period is being utilized for the smaller data transmissions inthe downlink as performed in 266. If the silence period is available forreceiving smaller data transmissions in the uplink, in 276, the smallerdata transmission is received.

Returning to 258, when the VoLTE call is determined to have ended, theeNB 122A continues the method 250 to 268. For example, the eNB 122A maydetermine that the dedicated bearer is no longer being used and thecontext for the VoLTE call is no longer required. In 268, the eNB 122Adetermines whether there is any downlink data transmission in thebuffer. If there is at least one downlink data transmission, the eNB122A continues the method 250 to 270 where the buffered uplink datatransmissions are sent to the UE 110.

It should be noted that the method 200 of FIG. 2A includes downlink datatransmissions from the eNB 122A to the UE 110 as well as uplink datatransmissions from the UE 110 to the eNB 122A. In contrast, the method250 of FIG. 2B includes only the uplink data transmissions from the eNB122A to the UE 110. However, the eNB 122A may be assumed to not beconstrained in either an antenna or power respect. Thus, the uplink datatransmissions from the UE 110 to the eNB 122A may be assumed to bereceived as downlink data transmissions by the eNB 122A whenever the UE110 makes these transmissions.

In a second mechanism, the eNBs 122A-C according to the exemplaryembodiments may address a drawback related to the constraints that causelimitations on the UEs 110-114. Under substantially similar reasons forthe constraints as described above, this may result in degraded pagingperformance as well as call establishment performance even when the pageis actually received by the UE. Because there is an expectation that thepaging procedure and/or the call establishment procedure may fail, theeNBs 122A-C according to the exemplary embodiments provide furtherfeatures to improve upon these procedures with UEs 110-114 having theseconstraints.

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary network method 300 for establishing a call fora UE. The network method 300 relates to a network operation.Specifically, the method 300 may relate to a manner in which the eNB isconfigured to page and establish a call connection with the UE when theUE is determined to have a constraint. As will be described in furtherdetail below, the method 300 may include a forgiving procedure performedby the eNB in paging the UE as well as establishing the call for the UE.It should be noted that when the network is performing the method 300,the UE may operate in a known manner and not be required to be alteredin any way.

In 302, the LTE-RAN 122 establishes a connection with the UE. Forexample, the eNB 122A may connect to the UE 110 through an associationand handshake procedure. In 304, the eNB 122A may determine the type ofmobile unit that the UE 110 is. As described above, the RACH may be usedas a basis in this determination. In 306, the eNB 122A determineswhether the UE 110 is constrained such as with the antenna or power. Ifthe UE 110 is determined to be constrained, the eNB 122A continues themethod 300 to 308.

In step 308, the eNB 122A may determine whether a number of pagesassociated with a specific call establishment procedure is greater thana threshold attempt value. That is the eNB 122A may have a voice call toconnect to the UE 110. Thus, the eNB 122A may be attempt to connect thecall via performing a call establishment procedure with the UE 110. TheeNB 122A initiates this call establishment procedure with a page. Inthis example, it may be considered that at this stage, no pages havebeen transmitted such that the number of pages is lower than thethreshold attempt value. The threshold attempt value may be apredetermined value or a dynamic value based upon the capabilities ofthe UE 110 and/or the current network parameters. For example, the eNB122A may utilize a default paging attempt threshold value but mayincrease this value when it is determined the UE 110 is a constraineddevice.

When the number of pages is less than the threshold attempt value, theeNB 122A continues the method 300 to 312. In 312, the eNB 122A transmitsthe page for the specific call establishment procedure. In 314, the eNB122A determines whether an acknowledgement (ACK) has been received inresponse to the page being transmitted. If the ACK has not beenreceived, the eNB 122A returns the method 300 to 308 to make anotherdetermination of whether the number of pages exceeds the thresholdattempt value. If the iterations of these processes result in the numberof pages being transmitted with no ACK being received and eventuallyexceeding the threshold attempt value, the eNB 122A continues the method300 to 310. In 310, the eNB 122A determines that the UE 110 cannot bepaged and proceeds according to a known page failure procedure.

Returning to 314, when the eNB 122A determines that the ACK has beenreceived from the UE 110 in response to the page being transmitted, theeNB 122A continues the method 300 to 316. It should be noted that theACK may have been transmitted by the UE 110 at a lower layer as a simpleresponse that the page has been received with no consideration of higherlevel functionalities. However, in view of the ACK being received by theeNB 122A from the UE 110, the eNB 122A may perform the forgiving callestablishment procedure according to the exemplary embodiments with theknowledge that the UE 110 may be reached. The eNB 122A may further beconfigured to adjust timers based upon the determination that the UE 110is constrained and the ACK has been determined. For example, the LTE-RAN122 may utilize RACH and RRC establishment timers that provide aduration of time in which the respective procedures may be performedprior to determining subsequent actions (e.g., failure procedure). Inthe exemplary embodiment, the eNB 122A may extend these timers to lastlonger than when the UE is not constrained.

Based upon the determination that the UE 110 is reachable (e.g., becausethe UE 110 provided an ACK to the eNB 122A), in 316, the eNB 122Aperforms the call establishment procedure. For a variety of reasons,although the page has been received and an ACK transmitted by the UE110, the call establishment procedure may still result in a failure.Thus, the eNB 122A may continue the method 300 to 320. In 320, the eNB122A determines whether a number of call establishment procedureattempts is greater than a further threshold attempt value. If thenumber of call establishment procedure attempts is less than the furtherthreshold attempt value, the eNB 122A returns the method to 316 tocontinue the attempts at performing the call establish procedure. Thatis, the failure of the call establishment procedure does not result inan automatic result of a page failure. Again, the eNB 122A has receivedthe ACK and proceeds with the knowledge that the UE 110 is reachable.The call establishment procedure may include the RACH and RRC proceduresand their respective timers. Thus, the eNB 122A may further incorporatethe timers into this process to determine how the method 300 is toproceed. For example, when the number of establishment proceduresexceeds the threshold value or when the timer has expired, then the eNB122A may continue the method 300 from 320 to 312. The eNB 122A mayfurther consider both of these factors where one factor may supercedethe other. For example, when the number of establishment procedures doesnot exceed the threshold value but the timer has expired or vice versa,the eNB 122A may continue the method 300 from 320 to 312.

However, if the eNB 122A determines that the number of callestablishment procedure attempts is greater than the further thresholdattempt value, the eNB 122A returns the method 300 to 312. Again, ratherthan considering multiple failures of the call establishment procedureas resulting in an automatic page failure, the eNB 122A attempts totransmit a page once again. In this manner, the eNB 122A is moreforgiving in attempting to transmit a page as well as establishing acall based upon this page, particularly when an ACK is received for thepage.

Furthermore, the eNB 122A may perform the method 300 for a time periodsubsequent to the call being established. Returning to 318, the eNB 122Amay determine that the call has indeed been established. Thus, in 322,the call is performed. In 324, the eNB 122A may determine whether thereis a failure for the call, particularly at the IMS 150. If there is nofailure, the eNB 122A continues the method 300 to 326 to determinewhether the call has ended. However, if there is a failure of the callat the IMS layer, the eNB 122A may again not consider this a completecall establishment failure. Instead, the eNB 122A returns the method 300to 312 to again transmit a page and perform the call establishmentprocedure to resume the already ongoing call. Furthermore, the eNB 122Amay further incorporate the adjusted timers such as the RRCestablishment and/or IMS timer used in current IMS call flows todetermine when the IMS failure is to be considered as a complete callestablishment failure. For example, when there is a failure at the IMSlayer but the RRC timer has not yet expired, the eNB 122A may return themethod 300 to 312. It should be noted that the number of pages may bereset upon the call establishment procedure succeeding such that whenthe eNB 122A returns the method 300 to 312 from 324, the lack of anacknowledgement and the return to 308 may not result in a page failureafter a single attempt.

In a third mechanism, the eNBs 122A-C according to the exemplaryembodiments may address a drawback related to mobile units when radiofrequency (RF) conditions may prevent a radio resource control (RRC)connection release message from the LTE-RAN 122 from being received bythe UE. This results in the UE and the LTE-RAN 122 being out of sync andprevents the LTE-RAN 122 from being able to properly page the UE for anydownlink data and/or voice calls during this period. One approach toaddress this issue of missed RRC connection release messages entailsusing a timer where inactivity for the duration of the timer results inthe UE declaring a radio link failure (RLF) to effectively place the UEand the LTE-RAN back into sync. However, the timer may be too long toprevent missed calls. For example, the timer may be set to 37 seconds.Thus, if the UE cannot be paged for these 37 seconds, the UE may misscalls or data transmissions. To address this issue, the eNBs 122A-C ofthe exemplary embodiments provide a dynamic manner of increasing alikelihood that any page that is transmitted during this particulartimer period may still be received by the UE.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary network method 400 for transmitting a page toa UE. The network method 400 relates to a network operation.Specifically, the method 400 relates to a manner in which the eNB isconfigured to adaptively transmit a page to the UE. As will be describedin further detail below, the method 400 may include a first transmissionmode and a second transmission mode for a page to be transmitted wherethe eNB may select the transmission mode dynamically. For example, thetransmission mode may use a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) inwhich the first mode is a paging RNTI (P-RNTI) and the second mode is acell RNTI (C-RNTI). It should be noted that the method 400 may relate toany mobile unit that connects to the LTE-RAN 122. However, the method400 may be used more particularly for the constrained UEs 110-114 ascertain failures have a higher expectation to occur for constraineddevices than non-constrained mobile devices.

In 402, the LTE-RAN 122 establishes a connection with the UE. Forexample, the eNB 122A may connect to the UE 110 through an associationand handshake procedure. In 404, the eNB 122A may establish a RRCconnection with the UE 110. For example, the UE 110 may perform anactive procedure that requires the RRC connected mode with the eNB 122A.Upon receiving a request from the eNB 122A, the RRC connected mode maybe granted for the UE 110 to perform the active procedure. When theactive procedure has ended and/or the RRC connected mode is no longerrequired, the eNB 122A may release the RRC connection for the UE 110.Thus, in 406, a RRC connection release message is transmitted from theeNB 122A to the UE 110.

In 408, the eNB 122A determines whether an ACK has been received inresponse to the RRC connection release message. When RF conditions donot prevent the RRC connection release from being received, the eNB 122Amay receive the ACK and continue the method 400 to 410. In 410, the eNB122A may set the status of the UE to RRC idle because the RRC connectionrelease was successful and the UE and the LTE-RAN 122 are in sync. Thus,in a subsequent paging procedure, in 412, the eNB 122 may transmit thepage based upon the UE being in RRC idle mode.

Returning to 408, when the eNB 122A does not receive the ACK in responseto the RRC connection release message, the eNB 122A may continue themethod 400 to 414. Initially, it should be noted that the method 400 mayinclude further processes where further attempts at transmitting the RRCconnection release message may be performed prior to continuing to 414.

In 414, the eNB 122A determines whether the period of time fromtransmitting the RRC release message to a current time has exceeded atimer where the timer is a time period of inactivity when the UEdeclares a RLF. If the time has exceeded the timer, the eNB 122Acontinues the method 400 to 416 where the RLF has been declared. Whenthe RLF has been declared, the eNB 122A may assume that the UE isoperating in RRC idle mode despite not having received an ACK to the RRCconnection release message. Subsequently, the eNB 122A may continue themethod 400 to 410 and 412.

However, if the eNB 122A determines that the time has not exceeded thetimer and the UE has not yet declared the RLF, the eNB 122A continuesthe method 400 to 418. In 418, the eNB 122A maintains the context withits C-RNTI for the UE as was used during the RRC connected mode. Thecontext may be kept for a predetermined amount of time such as a timeless than the timer.

When there is any downlink data transmission bound for the UE, the eNB122A may attempt to page the UE. However, it is again noted that the eNB122A and the UE must be in sync for the page to be properly received.With no ACK, the eNB 122A may be unsure as to whether the UE receivedthe RRC connection release message transmitted in 406. For example, theUE may have never received the RRC connection release message and may beoperating in the RRC connected mode. Accordingly, the ACK may never havebeen transmitted and could not have been received by the eNB 122A inthis scenario. In another example, the UE may have received the RRCconnection release message and may be operating in the RRC idle mode.However, the UE may not have been able to successfully transmit the ACK.Accordingly, the ACK was never received by the eNB 122A in thisscenario. In view of these scenarios, the eNB 122A may be unsure as tothe current state of the UE and a selection of one mode may beincorrect.

Thus, in 420, the eNB 122A may initially transmit the page using theP-RNTI with the assumption that the UE received the RRC connectionrelease message and is operating in the RRC idle mode. In 422, the eNB122A may determine whether an ACK is received in response to this pageusing the P-RNTI. If the page was received, the UE and the eNB 122A werein sync and the UE was operating in the RRC idle mode. Thus, the eNB122A may continue the remaining downlink transmission procedureaccordingly.

However, if the eNB 122A does not receive an ACK in response to the pagetransmitted with the P-RNTI, the eNB 122A continues the method 400 to424. In 424, the eNB 122A transmits the page with the C-RNTI that wasmaintained despite the RRC connection release message having beenalready transmitted. In 426, the eNB 122A determines whether an ACK isreceived in response to the page with the C-RNTI. If the page wasreceived, the UE and the eNB 122A were in sync and the UE was operatingin the RRC connected mode. Thus, the eNB 122A may continue the remainingdownlink transmission procedure accordingly.

If the ACK is still not received even though both transmission modeshave been used, the eNB 122A may determine in 428 whether the number oftransmissions exceeds a threshold attempt value. If further attempts maybe made, the eNB 122A returns the method 400 to 418. However, if thenumber of transmissions exceeds the threshold attempt value, the eNB122A may return to 414. It should be noted that the threshold attemptvalue may be selected to coincide with the timer. Thus, when everyattempt has been exhausted, the eNB 122A may finally return to determinewhether the time has exceeded the timer.

It should be noted that the manner in which the different transmissionmodes using the P-RNTI and the C-RNTI may be performed in a variety ofmanners. The method 400 provides one exemplary embodiment in which theP-RNTI and the C-RNTI are used in an alternating fashion. However, thisis only exemplary. In other attempts, the P-RNTI may be used for apredetermined number of attempts prior to the C-RNTI being used also forthe predetermined number of attempts. This may also be used inconjunction with the alternating manner.

In a fourth mechanism, the UEs 110-114 according to the exemplaryembodiments may address a drawback related to mobile units when ahandover may provide a more optimal connection to the LTE-RAN 122. Dueto the constraints of the UEs 110-114, there may be a higher likelihoodthat a connection having limited uplink performance may not besufficient. Thus, a handover to another eNB may be preferable.Specifically, on an antenna constrained mobile unit where uplinkperformance may be challenging, there may be an expectation that themobile unit encounters situations where it fails to successfully send ameasurement report or a handover procedure fails due to an extendedtransmission/reception timeline (such as due to the constraint). Thismay particularly be the case during a VoLTE call where a ConnectedDiscontinuous Reception (C-DRX) cycle may be extended. One manner ofaddressing these scenarios is the eventual declaration of a RLF.However, the timer used for this declaration may be set at a high valuesuch that the user experience may be impacted. The UEs 110-114 of theexemplary embodiments provide a proactive manner of performing ahandover when issues with uplink performance are determined.

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary UE method 500 for performing a handover. TheUE method 500 relates to a UE operation. Specifically, the method 500relates to a manner in which the UE is configured to transmitinformation that triggers a handover procedure to be performed topreempt a conventional mechanism to perform the handover. As will bedescribed in further detail below, the UE may declare a RLF upon networkparameters meeting certain criteria to trigger the LTE-RAN 122 toperform a handover procedure.

In 502, the UE establishes a connection with the LTE-RAN. In 504, the UEassociates with a first eNB. For example, the UE 110 may connect to theLTE-RAN 122 through an association and handshake procedure with the eNB122A. In 506, the UE 110 determines whether there are any uplink issues(e.g., the uplink has limited performance characteristics) with thecurrent connection to the LTE-RAN 122 via the eNB 122A. For example, thelimited uplink performance characteristics may be determined based uponan uplink block error rate (BLER) estimate, an uplink frequency bandbeing used, a RF quality of neighboring cells, uplink frequency band ofneighboring cells, etc. If the uplink is not experiencing limitedperformance characteristics, the UE 110 may continue the method to 508where the connection and association with the eNB 122A is maintained.

If the UE 110 determines that the uplink is experiencing limitedperformance characteristics, the UE 110 continues the method 500 to 510.In 510, the UE 110 determines neighboring eNBs. As described above inthe network arrangement 100, the LTE-RAN 122 may include a plurality ofeNBs 122A-C that may be neighboring. Thus, the UE 110 may determine thepresence of any of these neighboring eNBs. In 512, the UE 110 determineswhether there are any neighboring eNBs that are available for a handoverbased upon a current position or capability of the UE/eNB. If no eNB isavailable, the UE 110 returns the method to 508 and maintains theconnection with the eNB 122A.

If the UE 110 determines that there is at least one neighboring,available eNB, the UE 110 continues the method 500 to 514. In 514, theUE 110 determines a quality of a connection to one of these neighboringeNBs. For example, the UE 110 may determine a quality of a connectionwith the eNB 122B. The quality of the connection may be based upon avariety of known factors. For example, the quality of the connection maybe determined on a quantitative basis using known measurements such asRSSI, RSRQ, BLER, SNR, etc. In 516, the UE 110 determines whether theconnection to the eNB 122B is better than its current connection to theeNB 122A (e.g., which eNB offers the greater quantitative connectionquality). If the connection to the current eNB 122A remains better thanthe potential connection to the eNB 122B, the UE 110 returns the method500 to 508 and maintains the connection to the eNB 122A.

However, if the UE 110 determines that a potential connection to the eNB122B will be an improvement over the connection to the eNB 122A, the UE110 continues the method 500 to 518. Without waiting for any timer toexpire, in 518, the UE 110 may declare a RLF even when a RLF is notactually present. The UE 110 may also perform a RACH with the eNB 122Bfor any RRC re-establishment procedure (assuming the LTE-RAN 122 canretrieve the context and is applicable for the neighboring cell). Itshould be noted that the LTE-RAN 122 may include a configuration wherethe context for the UE 110 is communicating in proximity to speed up anypotential handover procedure or re-establishment for the UE 110.

In 520, the UE 110 may perform handover negotiations with the eNB 122Ato select the eNB 122B that has been determined have a better connectionfor the UE 110. Subsequently, the UE 110 may associate with the eNB122B. The UE 110 may perform these steps in a variety of manners. Forexample, the RACH may be performed by reading a System Information Block2 (SIB2) of the neighboring eNBs to receive the RACH configuration.Thus, the UE 110 may preemptively read the SIB2 configuration of thestrongest cells and/or the serving cell (e.g., the eNB 122A) maybroadcast the information to the neighboring cells.

FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of the UE 110 in FIG. 1. UEs 112and 114 may have similar components and functionalities. The UE 110 mayrepresent any electronic device that is configured to perform wirelessfunctionalities. For example, as described above, the UE 110 may be aportable device such as a phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a phablet, alaptop, a wearable, etc. In another example, the UE 110 may be astationary device such as a desktop terminal. The UE 110 may be aVoLTE-capable SRLTE device for communicating with a mobile switchingcenter. The UE 110 may include an antenna 605 connected to a transceiver620. The UE 110 may further include a baseband processor 630 and anapplications processor 610. The UE 110 may further include a display640, an I/O device 650, a memory arrangement 660 that are accessible bythe baseband processor 630 or the applications processor 610. Thoseskilled in the art will understand that the UE 110 may also includeadditional components 670, for example, a Bluetooth/WiFi transceiver,further input devices (e.g., a keypad, a touchscreen, etc.), a battery,etc.

The transceiver 620, the baseband processor 630 and the applicationprocessor 610 may be used to perform operations such as, but not limitedto, performing VoLTE calls, exchanging information with one or more basestations, etc. For example, the UE 110 may be utilized to perform themethods of FIG. 2A and FIG. 5. It should be noted that the exemplaryembodiments are described as being performed by the transceiver 620, thebaseband processor 630 and the application processor 610. However, anyof these components may perform the described functionalities withoutthe other component. In addition, other components may also perform someor all of the functionalities described herein. The applicationprocessor 610, the transceiver 620 and the baseband processor 630 maybe, for example, general purpose processors, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), another type of integrated circuit and theseprocessors may execute software programs or firmware.

FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment of the eNB 122A configured toestablish a connection with the UEs 110, 112, 114 according to variousembodiments described herein. The eNB 122A may be any access point orbase station of the LTE-RAN NW 122 that enables the UEs 110, 112, 114 toestablish a connection to the LTE-RAN NW 122. Further, the eNB 122Acould be any access point or base station for the legacy RAN NW 120and/or the WLAN 124. The eNB 122B and the eNB 122C may have similarcomponents and functionalities. The eNB 122A may include an antenna 705connected to a transceiver 710. The eNB 122A may further include abaseband processor 720 and a memory arrangement 730.

The baseband processor 720 may provide a radio communication with theUEs 110, 112, 114 via the transceiver 710, which may be coupled to anantenna. The transceiver 710 may be substantially similar to thetransceiver 620 of the UE 110 such as operating on a predeterminedfrequency or channel of the LTE-RAN NW 122. It should be noted that thetransceiver 710 may include a separate transmitter and receiver or acombined unit that performs the functionalities of the transmitter andreceiver. The baseband processor 720 may be configured to operateaccording to a wireless communications standard based upon the LTE-RANNW 122 (e.g., a 3GPP LTE). The eNB 122A may be utilized to perform, forexample, the methods of FIG. 2B, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.

The exemplary embodiments provide a system and method of improvingoperation of a user equipment that has known constraints compared toother mobile devices that do not have such constraints. In a firstmechanism, data transmissions are controlled by being buffered whentime-sensitive transmissions such as voice are being transmitted. In asecond mechanism, a network component may perform additional proceduresprior to determining a failure when the network component is aware of areachability to the UE. In a third mechanism, a paging procedure may beadaptively used prior to a RLF being declared to increase a likelihoodthat the page is received during this time period. In a fourthmechanism, the UE may actively determine when a handover procedure isbeneficial and trigger a serving cell to perform it.

Those skilled in the art will understand that the above-describedexemplary embodiments may be implemented in any suitable software orhardware configuration or combination thereof. An exemplary hardwareplatform for implementing the exemplary embodiments may include, forexample, an Intel x86 based platform with compatible operating system, aMac platform and MAC OS, a mobile device having an operating system suchas iOS, Android, etc. In a further example, the exemplary embodiments ofthe above described method may be embodied as a program containing linesof code stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage mediumthat, when compiled, may be executed on a processor or microprocessor.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications may be made in the present invention, without departingfrom the spirit or the scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended thatthe present invention cover modifications and variations of thisinvention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims andtheir equivalent.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: at a network component of anetwork configured to establish a connection with a user equipment:transmitting a page to the user equipment for a call establishmentprocedure; determining whether an acknowledgement is received from theuser equipment in response to the page; and when the acknowledgement hasbeen received from the user equipment in response to the page,performing the call establishment procedure; determining whether thecall establishment procedure failed; determining a number of times thecall establishment procedure has failed when it is determined the callestablishment procedure has failed; and further performing the callestablishment procedure without determining a page failure when thenumber of times is less than a call establishment threshold.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting another page to theuser equipment for the call establishment procedure when the number oftimes exceeds the call establishment threshold.
 3. The method of claim1, further comprising: determining whether a timer for the callestablishment procedure has expired; and transmitting another page tothe user equipment for the call establishment procedure when the timerfor the call establishment procedure has expired.
 4. The method of claim1, further comprising: completing the call establishment procedure toinitiate a voice call with the user equipment, determining that thevoice call has failed; and transmitting another page to the userequipment for the call establishment procedure.
 5. A base station,comprising: a transceiver; a non-transitory memory having a programstored thereon; and a processor executing the program, wherein theexecution of the program causes the processor to perform operationscomprising: transmitting a page to the user equipment for a callestablishment procedure; determining whether an acknowledgement isreceived from the user equipment in response to the page; and when theacknowledgement has been received from the user equipment in response tothe page, performing the call establishment procedure; determiningwhether the call establishment procedure failed; determining a number oftimes the call establishment procedure has failed when it is determinedthe call establishment procedure has failed; and further performing thecall establishment procedure without determining a page failure when thenumber of times is less than a call establishment threshold.
 6. The basestation of claim 5, wherein the operations further comprise:transmitting another page to the user equipment for the callestablishment procedure when the number of times exceeds the callestablishment threshold.
 7. The base station of claim 5, wherein theoperations further comprise: determining whether a timer for the callestablishment procedure has expired; and transmitting another page tothe user equipment for the call establishment procedure when the timerfor the call establishment procedure has expired.
 8. The base station ofclaim 5, wherein the operations further comprise: completing the callestablishment procedure to initiate a voice call with the userequipment; determining that the voice call has failed; and transmittinganother page to the user equipment for the call establishment procedure.9. A method, comprising: at a network component of a network configuredto establish a connection with a user equipment: transmitting a radioresource control (RRC) connection release message to the user equipment;maintaining a context for the user equipment when an acknowledgement forthe RRC connection release message is not received; transmitting a firstpage; and transmitting a second page when a further acknowledgement forthe first page is not received.
 10. The method of claim 9, wherein thefirst page includes a paging Radio Network Temporary Identifier (P-RNTI)as if the user equipment is in an RRC idle mode.
 11. The method of claim9, wherein the second page includes a cell Radio Network TemporaryIdentifier (C-RNTI) as if the user equipment is in an RRC connectedmode.
 12. The method of claim 9, further comprising: determining whetheran acknowledgement is received in response to the second page; anddetermining whether a number of first and second page transmissionsexceeds a threshold attempt value when the acknowledgment to the secondpage is not received.
 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:when the number of first and second page transmissions does not exceedsthe threshold attempt value; maintain the context for the userequipment.
 14. A base station, comprising: a transceiver; anon-transitory memory having a program stored thereon; and a processorexecuting the program, wherein the execution of the program causes theprocessor to perform operations comprising: transmitting a radioresource control (RRC) connection release message to a user equipment;maintaining a context for the user equipment when an acknowledgement forthe RRC connection release message is not received; transmitting a firstpage; and transmitting a second page when a further acknowledgement forthe first page is not received.
 15. The base station of claim 14,wherein the first page includes a paging Radio Network TemporaryIdentifier (P-RNTI) as if the user equipment is in an RRC idle mode. 16.The base station of claim 14, wherein the second page includes a cellRadio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) as if the user equipment isin an RRC connected mode.
 17. The base station of claim 14, wherein theoperations further comprise: determining whether an acknowledgement isreceived in response to the second page; and determining whether anumber of first and second page transmissions exceeds a thresholdattempt value when the acknowledgment to the second page is notreceived.
 18. The base station of claim 17, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: when the number of first and second page transmissionsdoes not exceeds the threshold attempt value; maintain the context forthe user equipment.
 19. The method of claim 1, further comprising: whenno acknowledgement has been received in response to the page,determining a number of pages that have been transmitted to the userequipment for the call establishment procedure; transmitting a furtherpage to the user equipment for the call establishment procedure when thenumber of pages is less than a page threshold; and performing a pagefailure procedure when the number of pages exceeds the page threshold.20. The base station of claim 5, wherein the operations furthercomprise: when no acknowledgement has been received in response to thepage, determining a number of pages that have been transmitted to theuser equipment for the call establishment procedure; transmitting afurther page to the user equipment for the call establishment procedurewhen the number of pages is less than a page threshold; and performing apage failure procedure when the number of pages exceeds the pagethreshold.